解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::The current communication signifies the effect of oxygen vacancies (OVs) both qualitatively and quantitatively in multiferroic BiFe0.83Ni0.17O3 by an in-depth atomic-level investigation of its electronic structure and magnetization properties, and these materials have a variety of applications in spintronics, optoelec...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.170273
更新日期:2017-06-14 00:00:00
abstract::The appearance and shape of sesamoid bones within a tendon or ligament wrapping around a joint are understood to be influenced by both genetic and epigenetic factors. Ostriches (Struthio camelus) possess two sesamoid patellae (kneecaps), one of which (the distal patella) is unique to their lineage, making them a good ...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.170133
更新日期:2017-06-07 00:00:00
abstract::Migration is essential for maintaining genetic diversity among populations, and pumas (Puma concolor) provide an excellent model for studying the genetic impacts of migrants on populations isolated by increasing human development. In densely populated southern California, USA, puma populations on the east and west sid...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.170115
更新日期:2017-05-24 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper, recent progress in graphic statics is combined with Williot displacement diagrams to create a graphical description of both statics and kinematics for two- and three-dimensional pin-jointed trusses. We begin with reciprocal form and force diagrams. The force diagram is dissected into its component cells...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.170202
更新日期:2017-05-24 00:00:00
abstract::The recent availability of large-scale call detail record data has substantially improved our ability of quantifying human travel patterns with broad applications in epidemiology. Notwithstanding a number of successful case studies, previous works have shown that using different mobility data sources, such as mobile p...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160950
更新日期:2017-05-17 00:00:00
abstract::Trait analysis has become a crucial tool for assessing the extinction risk of species. While some extinction risk-trait relationships have been often identical between different living taxa, a temporal comparison of fossil taxa with related current taxa was rarely considered. However, we argue that it is important to ...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.170051
更新日期:2017-05-10 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160759.]. ...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1098/rsos.170338
更新日期:2017-05-10 00:00:00
abstract::In several group-living species, individuals' social preferences are thought to be influenced by cooperation. For some societies with fission-fusion dynamics, sex-specific association patterns reflect sex differences in cooperation in within- and between-group contexts. In our study, we investigated this hypothesis fu...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.161081
更新日期:2017-05-03 00:00:00
abstract::A pleiotropic gene governs multiple traits, which might constrain the evolution of complexity due to conflicting selection on these traits. However, if the pleiotropic effect is modular, then this can facilitate synergistic responses to selection on functionally related traits, thereby leveraging the evolution of comp...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.170042
更新日期:2017-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::Discs of gas and dust around million-year-old stars are a by-product of the star formation process and provide the raw material to form planets. Hence, their evolution and dispersal directly impact what type of planets can form and affect the final architecture of planetary systems. Here, we review empirical constrain...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1098/rsos.170114
更新日期:2017-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::Measures of physiological stress in zoo animals can give important insights into how they are affected by aspects of their captive environment. We analysed the factors influencing variation in glucocorticoid metabolites in faeces (fGCs) from zoo meerkats as a proxy for blood cortisol concentration, high levels of whic...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.161017
更新日期:2017-04-19 00:00:00
abstract::We consider a directed graph model for the human brain's neural architecture that is based on small scale, directed, strongly connected sub-graphs (SCGs) of neurons, that are connected together by a sparser mesoscopic network. We assume transmission delays within neuron-to-neuron stimulation, and that individual neuro...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160912
更新日期:2017-04-05 00:00:00
abstract::Foodborne infection is a result of exposure to complex, dynamic food systems. The efficiency of foodborne infection is driven by ongoing shifts in genetic machinery. Next-generation sequencing technologies can provide high-fidelity data about the genetics of a pathogen. However, food safety surveillance systems do not...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160721
更新日期:2017-03-29 00:00:00
abstract::Cetacean energy stores are known to vary according to life history, reproductive status and time of year; however, the opportunity to quantify these relationships is rare. Using a unique set of historical whaling records from Western Australia (1952-1963), we investigated energy stores of large cetaceans with differin...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160290
更新日期:2017-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Dispersal limitation, not just environmental selection, plays an important role in microbial biogeography. The distance-decay relationship is thought to be weak in habitats where dispersal is high, such as in the pelagic environment, where ocean currents facilitate microbial dispersal. Most studies of microbial commun...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.170033
更新日期:2017-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Flounder change colour and pattern for camouflage. We used a spectrometer to measure reflectance spectra and a digital camera to capture body patterns of two flounder species camouflaged on four natural backgrounds of different spatial scale (sand, small gravel, large gravel and rocks). We quantified the degree of spe...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160824
更新日期:2017-03-08 00:00:00
abstract::Developmental prosopagnosia (DP) is a neurodevelopmental condition, characterized by lifelong face recognition deficits. Leading research groups diagnose the condition using complementary computer-based tasks and self-report measures. In an attempt to standardize the reporting of self-report evidence, we recently deve...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160923
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The evolution of wing pattern in Lepidoptera is a popular area of inquiry but few studies have examined microlepidoptera, with fewer still focusing on intraspecific variation. The tineid genus Moerarchis Durrant, 1914 includes two species with high intraspecific variation of wing pattern. A subset of the specimens exa...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.161002
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We review the current state of knowledge of magnetic fields inside stars, concentrating on recent developments concerning magnetic fields in stably stratified (zones of) stars, leaving out convective dynamo theories and observations of convective envelopes. We include the observational properties of A, B and O-type ma...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1098/rsos.160271
更新日期:2017-02-22 00:00:00
abstract::Studies investigating micromechanical properties in mouse cortical bone often solely focus on the mechanical behaviour along the long axis of the bone. Therefore, data on the anisotropy of mouse cortical bone is scarce. The aim of this study is the first-time evaluation of the anisotropy ratio between the longitudinal...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160971
更新日期:2017-02-22 00:00:00
abstract::Social information use is common in a wide range of group-living animals, notably in humans. The role it plays in decision-making could be a key to understanding how social groups make collective decisions. The observation of road-crossing behaviours in the presence of other individuals is an ideal means to study the ...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160739
更新日期:2017-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Interlocutors converge on names to refer to entities. For example, a speaker might refer to a novel looking object as the jellyfish and, once identified, the listener will too. The hypothesized mechanism behind such referential precedents is a subject of debate. The common ground view claims that listeners register th...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160827
更新日期:2017-02-08 00:00:00
abstract::Objects that are briefly flashed around the time of saccades are mislocalized. Previously, robust interactions between saccadic perceptual distortions and stimulus contrast have been reported. It is also known that crowding depends on the contrast of the target and flankers. Here, we investigated how stimulus contrast...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160559
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many species worldwide are impacted by habitat loss. This may result in increased competition both within species and between species. Many studies have demonstrated that when two previously non-overlapping species are forced to compete over a resource, one species is likely to become dominant over the other. This stu...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160621
更新日期:2017-01-18 00:00:00
abstract::Social interactions are a defining behavioural trait of social animals. Discovering characteristic patterns in the display of such behaviour is one of the fundamental endeavours in behavioural biology and psychology, as this promises to facilitate the general understanding, classification, prediction and even automati...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160694
更新日期:2017-01-18 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrogen is cycled throughout ecosystems by a suite of biogeochemical processes. The high complexity of the nitrogen cycle resides in an intricate interplay between reversible biochemical pathways alternatively and specifically activated in response to diverse environmental cues. Despite aggressive research, how the f...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160768
更新日期:2017-01-11 00:00:00
abstract::Animals living in complex environments experience differing risks of predation depending upon their location within the landscape. An animal could reduce the risk it experiences by remaining in a refuge site, but it may need to emerge from its refuge and enter more dangerous sites for feeding and other activities. Her...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160910
更新日期:2017-01-11 00:00:00
abstract::While various relationships between productivity and biodiversity are found in forests, the processes underlying these relationships remain unclear and theory struggles to coherently explain them. In this work, we analyse diversity-productivity relationships through an examination of forest structure (described by bas...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160521
更新日期:2017-01-04 00:00:00
abstract::Within the framework of The Heterogeneous dust Evolution Model for Interstellar Solids (THEMIS), this work explores the surface processes and chemistry relating to core/mantle interstellar and cometary grain structures and their influence on the nature of these fascinating particles. It appears that a realistic consid...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160224
更新日期:2016-12-14 00:00:00
abstract::Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent types of cancer today in women. The main avenue of diagnosis is through manual examination of histopathology tissue slides. Such a process is often subjective and error-ridden, suffering from both inter- and intraobserver variability. Our objective is to develop an automatic ...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160558
更新日期:2016-12-07 00:00:00
abstract::This paper develops a closed-form approximate solution for a penny-shaped hydraulic fracture whose behaviour is determined by an interplay of three competing physical processes that are associated with fluid viscosity, fracture toughness and fluid leak-off. The primary assumption that permits one to construct the solu...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160737
更新日期:2016-12-07 00:00:00
abstract::When we represent real-world systems as networks, the directions of links often convey valuable information. Finding module structures that respect link directions is one of the most important tasks for analysing directed networks. Although many notions of a directed module have been proposed, no consensus has been re...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160270
更新日期:2016-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::The characterization of diet for the giant manta ray Manta birostris has been problematic given their large-scale movement patterns and the difficulty in obtaining stomach contents from this species. The large majority of existing information is based on observational data limited to feeding events at the sea surface ...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160717
更新日期:2016-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::Declines in pollinator abundance and diversity are not only a conservation issue, but also a threat to crop pollination. Maintained infrastructure corridors, such as those containing electricity transmission lines, are potentially important wild pollinator habitat. However, there is a lack of evidence comparing the ab...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160525
更新日期:2016-11-23 00:00:00
abstract::The Sirius Passet Lagerstätte of North Greenland contains the first exceptionally preserved mat-ground community of the Cambrian, dominated, in terms of abundance, by trilobites but particularly characterized by iconic arthropods and lobopods, some also occurring in the Burgess shale. High-resolution photography, scan...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160420
更新日期:2016-11-16 00:00:00
abstract::Natural selection favours a restricted host breadth in disease vector mosquitoes, indicating that there is an adaptive value associated with maintaining plasticity in host preference. One mechanism to maintain such plasticity is via the detection of generic cues by conserved peripheral olfactory pathways, which when p...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160467
更新日期:2016-11-09 00:00:00
abstract::With the current proliferation of data, the proficient use of statistical and mining techniques offer substantial benefits to capture useful information from any dataset. As numerous approaches make use of information theory concepts, here, we discuss how Fisher information (FI) can be applied to sustainability scienc...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160582
更新日期:2016-11-09 00:00:00
abstract::The persistence of homological features in simplicial complex representations of big datasets in R n resulting from Vietoris-Rips or Čech filtrations is commonly used to probe the topological structure of such datasets. In this paper, the notion of homological pers...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160228
更新日期:2016-10-26 00:00:00
abstract::There is a long-standing interest in behavioural ecology, exploring the causes and correlates of consistent individual differences in mean behavioural traits ('personality') and the response to the environment ('plasticity'). Recently, it has been observed that individuals also consistently differ in their residual in...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160352
更新日期:2016-10-26 00:00:00
abstract::Large-scale high-throughput plant phenotyping (sometimes called phenomics) is becoming increasingly important in plant biology and agriculture and is essential to cutting-edge plant breeding and management approaches needed to meet the food and fuel needs for the next century. Currently, the application of these appro...
journal_title:Royal Society open science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsos.160592
更新日期:2016-10-26 00:00:00